Undead
Undead are creatures trapped in a twisted mockery of life. Forces that tap into the corrupting power of the Negative Energy Plane are potent and perilous in Ravenloft. As a result, the vile undead become more powerful and are often shielded from magic that would reveal their true nature. Found in abundant numbers, they are created through a wide array of different circumstances including, but not limited to: necromantic magic, dreadful curses, sinister pacts gone wrong, disastrous encounters with life-draining creatures, or even sheer force of will.
They are divided into categories, such as the ancient dead (mummies), vampires, death knights, and the walking dead, a large family of undead which encompasses different types of undead.
The following are excerpts from
Van Richten's Guide to the Walking Dead, which covers this category of undead.
The Walking DeadThe Walking Dead - skeletons, zombies, ghouls, wights, dread revenants, and similar undead animated by negative energy - are both the most common form of undead and the least appreciated for the menace they present to the living.
They are similar in many ways both to ghosts and the ancient dead, the latter more popularly known as mummies. As with ancients, all Walking Dead are entirely corporeal, their spirits trapped in the bodies they inhabited during life. Because their physical shell is already dead they are immune to any attack that depends on living processes: toxins, sleep, paralysis, and disease to name but a few. They do not feel pain – at least, not as the living do - and cannot be struck unconscious. They are also very difficult to detect in the dark; without the tell-tale sounds of breathing and the ceaseless small movements that all living creatures make even when still, noticing the Walking Dead when they wish to hide can prove almost impossible.
Like ghosts, much of the Walking Dead's power arises from their force of personality. This fact may not seem immediately obvious, but it is true. All Walking Dead, regardless of their origins or powers, are motivated by need. The word "need" is used here after much consideration. "Desire," even in its strongest forms, does not adequately convey enough of a sense of compulsion to represent the psychological motivation of the Walking Dead. The Walking Dead are compelled to fulfil this need beyond any rational or practical limitations. They pursue this directive to the extent where it drowns out any other consideration, until, in a living being, it would be considered an obsession - an overriding madness. We have dubbed this need the Craving.
The Craving and the Types of Wandering DeadWhen the Craving is alien to the creature's native desires, the walking dead is crippled by the constant psychological turmoil between its own personality and the overpowering need that causes it to rise from its grave. Such a creature becomes a weak form of undead with few salient abilities. If the Craving is in tune with or springs from the creature's will, it becomes far more powerful.
The least powerful undead - the skeleton and zombie minions of powerful necromancers - are imbued with the Craving to serve their master. For obvious reasons, we call these weak creatures the Obedient Dead. As no creature wishes to be subjugated entirely by another creature, the processes that raise them from the grave and bind them to their masters must necessarily break their wills and destroy their personalities before they will accept such total domination. The Obedient Dead are not always mindless automatons, but typically, something precious is lost between life and undeath. The process of forcing one of the Walking Dead into subservience causes immense damage to the victim's psyche.
Not all of the Walking Dead are motivated by something so alien to their natures. One intriguing class of undead is the Hungry Dead, creatures forced to consume constantly. Although the food does have its benefits for the undead, this is not why they feed. No matter how much they consume, these creatures can never be satiated. Ghouls, ghasts, and their ilk are cursed with the unrelenting need to eat. In most cases, the object of their appetite is flesh or some other intimate part of the body such as the brain or bone marrow. Revolting as this quality is, it is really a blessing in disguise; few sentient creatures naturally eat these products, so again, the Hungry Dead are not as powerful as they might be due to the contest between their natural desires and the tainted needs of walking death. Only in rare cases, when the still-living creature wilfully indulges in cannibalism or similar vices, will one become a powerful member of the Hungry Dead.
The third classification is the Restless Dead. Although all creatures eat, the Hungry Dead are limited by their emotional turmoil over constantly needing food alien to their normal diet. The Restless Dead, as with powerful members of the Hungry Dead, suffer no such limitation; they spend eternity doing exactly what comes naturally to them. Their living will and their undead Craving are in perfect accord, their personalities largely unchanged from life. Considering the type of person who would have an obsession strong enough to allow them to cheat death, however, this situation is hardly reassuring. Be that the case, the Restless Dead are so powerful that at first glance revenants and wights seem almost an entirely different class of undead to skeletons and zombies.
Of course, the same Craving does not motivate every Restless Dead. Some may be motivated by the overwhelming desire to avenge their own murder. Others rise to protect their belongings from theft or destruction, still others to complete some task that eluded them during life. Perhaps most terrifying are those Restless Dead who rise from their graves due to an envious and all-consuming rage at dying while others yet survive. They exist only to equalize this supposed wrong by killing everything - whether animals, plants, or people - around their lairs.
Even those Restless Dead who are motivated by less diabolical needs, however, are terrifying in the extreme. It is hard to fanthom how the victim of a dread revenant's revenge will feel when the revenant finally tracks him or her down: that villain is the object of the undead's entire being; he quite literally exists only to avenge himself.
Another category of Walking Dead, the Wandering Dead are presented as a subcategory of the Obedient Dead. However these undead are not obedient at all. These are in fact zombies or skeletons that rise of their own accord, not because of the machinations of a spellcaster. When burying someone in Ravenloft, there is a chance that an evil spirit will inhabit the body and cause it to walk again. These zombies or skeletons, then, are not the animate servants of a necromancer, but rather roaming undead who seek destruction. Being animated by a spirit, they possess varying degrees of intelligence and are not beholden to any spellcaster. They do not follow the commands of anyone, unless influenced through magic, such as an evil cleric's command undead ability.
The Craving is the single distinguishing feature that separates the Walking Dead from other types of undead. The drives that motivate even the most obsessive lich or mummy are nothing compared to those of the Walking Dead, which will do anything to pursue their goal, no matter how selfdestructive or corrupt their actions may be.
There are other signs that distinguish the Walking Dead from other undead type. While vampires, for instance, typically appear relatively lifelike, the Walking Dead always seem decayed to some extent. The Walking Dead inhabit their own corpses; ghosts, even those that are corporeal, do not. Liches are invariably powerful spellcasters; the Walking Dead rarely cast spells and even more rarely manage to achieve more than a moderate level of ability. The ancient dead are animated by positive energy, the Walking Dead negative energy. Psychology, however, is by far the surest tool to identify the walking dead and among the easiest to use.
The following are excerpts from
Undead, a d20 supplement. It further explores reasons and motivations to become an undead, and of the impacts on one souls.
The SeekersHow difficult is it to seek the undead state and what kind of people wish to do so? The stereotype of an undead is that of a powerful, innately evil creature whose only goal is to gain enough power to plunge the world into darkness. An interesting impression, but only occasionally accurate. It is certainly not a complete representation of the mortal that once existed before making the choice to become undead.
The fear of death is a natural human response. We are frightened of things we cannot understand and throughout our existence as humans, the secrets of death always elude us. When we die, are all the things we have fought for in this life rendered to dust? Are our struggles of any value beyond our immediate existence? These questions have plagued mortal intellect from the day we first gained awareness. The passage into undeath is a means to answer to those questions.
The first type of individual seeking undeath wishes to know and conquer death itself. They are looking for a means to extend their life, to face death and prevail. In many ways, they wish to cheat the cycle and step outside of the realm of nature. By doing so, they manage to escape the end of their lives. For some, this is enough. There are many individuals who live their lives in pain, afraid of death, concerned that when their life ends, so too will all of their works. These people look to undeath as a way to master the world around them. They use it as a means to prevent the end of their legacy. The magical power or prowess is not of concern to them beyond being a means to remain alive.
Another sort of individual who seeks to become undead are the guardians and protectors. In life, they are dedicated and loyal, believing in their mission or their leader above all other things. This leader may be an icon of faith, or a symbol of great power, but to the individual, it is something whose worth is beyond mortal death. When mortal life leaves the body (as direct result of such a ritual), the individual rises again as an undead guardian. In the case of mummies, the individual actually pledges their soul to the defense and protection of this item, icon or place, and by doing so, binds themselves to that goal. A person who pledges his eternal existence to the defense of the Princess' Tomb may become a walking undead guardian of that tomb, fighting against anyone who would dare disturb the sleep of his dead charge. A spectre that has been bound to an artifact remains, in spirit, close to that item. If it is disturbed or used wrongly, the spectre arises to defend its charge.
Some can achieve this undead guardian effect without the courtesy of a magical ritual. When destiny goes awry and someone's fate is stolen from them, their soul may reach beyond mortal limits and refuse to let go of its emotional need. Whether this driving goal is vengeance, duty, love or honor, it is enough to allow the body to rise beyond death and continue to exist in a surreal state of undeath. Unlike mummies and other ritual guardians, however, this form of undead ceases to exist once their purpose is negated or fulfilled. Death knights, dread revenants and wraiths fall into this category of undead. Their need to become undead was created at the moment of their death. They became undead following a tragic incident that their soul could not ignore. During life, they did not necessarily seek undeath - they may have shunned it or not known about its existence, but at their dying moment, their soul found reason to cling to this world despite the loss of their life.
Undead that can create others of their own type are also sought out by those who wish to cheat death, to negotiate for the gift that these undead offer through their dark infection. Vampires, in particular, are sought out with such requests. Some of these undead amass a great deal of money and power by choosing the successor of their blood-curse.
Others swear to raise the petitioner into undeath, but then cheat and allow the individual to die while the vampire takes the payment without offering the reward.
The LostOther individuals do not choose to remain beyond death. Corpses that rise do not always become undead of their own bidding. Occasionally events occur that scar the very fabric of reality, leaving behind a legacy of remorse and despair. Great battles often leave behind warriors, soldiers that do not accept death and continue to march across barren and desolate fields. Even smaller tragedies spawn ghosts and allips (commonly known as Madness-wraiths) that continue to repeat the actions which led to their own death. Night after night, such undead return to the site of their greatest remorse. There they mechanically go through the motions of their last moments, reliving the moment of their demise time and time again. Such undead are not necessarily evil. Indeed, they may not realize that they are dead at all, so long as their eternal loop is not interrupted. If they are constrained from performing their necessary actions, they go mad and lash out violently until the provocation is gone, at which point, they return to their cycle, as if undisturbed.
Magic that goes horribly awry can create such restless spirits. Trapped by some flux of the ethereal, the spirit of the newly dead may find itself lost between realms, damned to an eternity as a ghost or spectre. Curses, cast by powerful mages or unleashed through thoughtless action, can also condemn the innocent into an eternal unlife. Many powerful artifacts and relics are capable of tearing the soul from the body and destroying the flesh. Some such items can enslave the souls it steals into a legion of undead protectors. Others leave the lost soul on its own, forever cut off from its life but also forbidden the peace of true death.
In some cases, a member of the undead chose them as a legacy. Many of the undead have their own means of procreation through the passing of a taint of their existence. Those undead seek someone to share their immortality. These creatures spend their unlives creating more remnants of their twisted races and war upon each other through those who are an extension of their curse. Wights, ghouls and vampires are the most common of these self-replicating undead. Their choice for servant to pass on their legacy may be made completely without the individual's knowledge. The creature stalks and chooses its prey as a predator might do. Once captured, the target is forced to undergo a ritual and become undead (for vampires, this involves the ingestion of blood; for wights, the ritual communion of flesh). Immediately thereafter, the creator undead then kills the target's mortal flesh in order to force their return to an unholy life.
For such restless spirits, damnation may not be an eternal punishment. Those who do not stain their soul by willingly accepting the curse of the undead can still seek atonement. For some, this atonement must come through spiritual prowess and the absolution of faith. For others, their goal must be achieved in order to allow such a spirit to give this world release. Undead that remain in this world because they are trapped within a cycle, or because they have lost their place in fate, can be restored if their quest is accomplished. Unlike those undead that willingly walk into the jaws of eternal damnation, they exist in a form of purgatory where their soul is removed from death, but not necessarily removed permanently from the cycle.
The SoulWhen an undead is created, the person's body and their mind undergo certain physical transformations, but how do we quantify the changes within the soul? Most religions consider undead to be a blasphemy against life and a dark transition of the soul. Undead are twisted beings, their souls condemned by powerful magics and removed from the course of natural life and death.
The philosophy of undeath is simple, but the understanding of the metaphysics is far more complex. When an individual exchanges their life for undeath, the spark of energy that fuels their existence is stamped out and replaced by a darker force, a negative energy that feeds on life and pain. This energy (some term it the negative soul) replicates the original soul of the individual and establishes a continuance of life. Some faiths believe that this soul is not the original soul, but a negative duplicate, while others believe that it is the original soul of the creature now tainted and twisted by the energy of the negative plane. Based on these beliefs, some people that hunt the undead justify their actions as a cleansing of the flesh that has been taken over by an evil spirit or as a cleaning the spirit that is tormented by this evil energy.
If we continue with the ideal that the soul of the individual is destroyed and replaced with a negative replica of that individual's essence then we must also believe that this negative reflection can exist for all of us. Is it the source of Evil? Does it have any connection with the normal every day person? There are those psychopaths that believe a darker force drives their actions, perhaps this negative energy has its own goals and desires. When it comes right down to it, this belief allows us to think that. These horrible creatures are not truly human.
Source: 3rd Edition Ravenloft Campaign Setting, Van Richten's Guide to the Walking Dead, Undead (d20 supplement)