The problem with a magical setting is that the more magic that is present the less need to further technological pursuits. Why create something when magic easily replicates the same effect?
Heck, I have an answer for that one. I used to be a Storyteller for the old World of Darkness games, one of which was Mage: The Ascension--along with its spin-off game, Mage: The Sorcerers Crusade. The rivalry between magic and science is the entire focus of the Mage games; in The Sorcerers Crusade, we have the Church and other dominant religions in other nations of the world trying to suppress both the pagan magicians (primal mages such as druids, witches and tribal shamans) and the godless, heretical upstarts like Galileo and Copernicus who champion this newfangled "science" and "technology" stuff. The Order of Reason (aka. the Daedalans) wants to cast off the shackles of the religious hierarchies and make technology available to all the people of the world, and they start gaining such ground that some religious mystics and pagan sorcerers form an alliance--the Council of Nine--against the Order of Reason. Come the modern age of Ascension, the Order of Reason has officially cast aside God and religion entirely, they've morphed into the Technocracy, they've blossomed into a global shadow government thanks to the ever-growing support of the Muggles...I mean
Sleepers, and they're winning control of all consensual reality by a landslide, leaving the modern-day religious mystics and pagan sorcerers of the Council of Nine huddling together for survival against the Technocrats. It's a shadow war, and those shadows are hiding people armed with magic wands and voodoo dolls trading blows with people armed with plasma rifles and neuroscramblers.
In a nutshell, it takes a special enlightened individual to become a mage, whether that mage takes the form of a sorcerer or a hypertechnician. The Council of Nine wants to keep the status of mage special--cautioning that it would be foolish to force mankind to ascend into magehood before mankind is ready--while the Technocracy wants to make magic (in the form of ultra-advanced technology) available to every man, woman and child on the planet...and if mankind isn't ready for it, the Technocrats will
force them to be ready for it...or so they think.
So that's basically one version of the rivalry between the two. It just boils down to two different philosophies vying for dominance over each other, whether your opponent's a "godless artificer ungrateful to his Creator and/or disrespectful towards the spirits of the earth" or a "superstitious mud-hut-dwelling Luddite who prefers the comfort of myths over the revelations of science and reality".